You do know that knowing random facts, common knowledge or not, has nothing to do with someone's intelligence or the tests used to gauge it, right? One should be careful to remember that intellect, education, wisdom, and wit are not synonymous. For example we recently talked about HIV. I think his IQ is below average because some things you would expect everyone to know, he does not know. It can also be related to psychosis:, or, as mentioned on that page, slow thought processes or anxiety. This does have the unintended effect sometimes of forgetting that I was going to say something. I personally have resorted to long pauses as I think up the whole sentence before saying it. This could be the case of the person taking time to construct sentences, since talking faster than a thought process can result in stuttering and stammering, something we can get teased a great deal for. He will be speaking and then suddenly a long pause until you remind him to continue talking. Every thought group in English also has a single focus word. This interpretation fits with nonspeech literature where automatic responses have been demonstrated to be impaired in PD.My friend (ex boyfriend) has very long pauses when he talks. The second sentence is divided into two thought groups, with a very short pause in between. These results suggest that automatic responses regarding speech production difficulties are impaired by PD. Conclusions Producing fewer marked silent pauses, coupled with longer silent pauses, reduces natural cues to discourse and puts people with PD at greater risk of sounding unnatural and losing their communicative turn. For both groups, longer silent pauses were more likely to be marked by filled pauses, but individuals with PD marked a smaller percentage of silent pauses at longer durations than controls. Despite this, individuals with PD produced significantly fewer filled pauses and fewer marked silent pauses. Results There was no significant difference in the number of silent pauses between groups, but the duration of silent pauses was significantly greater for individuals with PD. The t tests and analyses of variance were used to test our hypotheses. Number and duration of marked silent pauses (those consecutive with 1 or more filled pauses) were measured. Duration and frequency of filled and silent pauses were measured using spectrographic analysis. Method Speech samples were collected via a story-retelling task from 15 individuals with PD and 18 age-matched controls. A study of silent and filled pauses in second language speech analyzes (1) which types of pause are produced, (2) which are the functions of non-juncture pauses, (3) whether pauses co-occur with other hesitation phenomena, and (4) whether the occurrence of pauses is associated with second language proficiency. We also hypothesized that longer pauses would be more likely to be marked with filled pauses and that this relationship would be weaker in speakers with PD. We hypothesized that individuals with PD would use fewer filled pauses and longer silent pauses. The purpose of this study was to examine how automatic speech responses are impacted in PD by looking at filled and silent pausing behaviors, extending our understanding of the role of the basal ganglia in automatic behaviors. Typical speakers use filled pauses (such as uh or um) to mark silent pauses. Filled pauses are considered a subconscious or automatic speech response to an internal cue that there are difficulties with ongoing communication. Changes to the basal ganglia in PD impair an individual's ability to trigger a behavior in response to cues, but more so in response to internal cues more than external ones. Purpose In Parkinson's disease (PD), there are significant changes in the basal ganglia, a structure known to be important for controlling automatic responses to cues.
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